Topology optimization of additive-manufactured metamaterial structures: A review focused on multi-material types

Abstract

Topology optimization is one common technique for structural optimization methods, in which the optimal spatial distribution of structural materials or structural parts could be determined. Topology optimization is a beneficial computational approach that uses through the design process to find the superior layout based on the functional requirements, besides using multi-material structures, as another benefit. This technique is quantified considering single-objective or multi-objective besides constraints. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has made it possible to easily fabricate a complex geometric lattice, and as a result, structures have become attractive both as microstructural materials and as internal structures. To have an effective design for such complex multi-material components with high performance besides the AM limits is still challenging, especially when there are multi-material lattices. The reason is based on manufacturing constraints when there are various parameters. The purpose of the review article is to provide an overview of recent developments in the topology optimization technique of multi-material metamaterials. Metamaterials are complex structures with artificial properties, which can lead to effective behaviors compared to natural properties. The objective for multi-material metamaterials is to find an optimal structure besides the composition, the material combination, and the microstructure layout. It would be more efficient (higher performance and lower weight) if multi-materials are used based on the optimization objectives. Consequently, this review article provides a summary of current knowledge of the subject. Discussing the findings presented in recent research papers on multi-material metamaterials creates an understanding of the subject for the reader.