Topological Spin Textures: Basic Physics and Devices.

Abstract

In the face of escalating modern data storage demands and the constraints of Moore's Law, exploring spintronic solutions, particularly the devices based on magnetic skyrmions, has emerged as a promising frontier in scientific research. Since the first experimental observation of skyrmions, topological spin textures have been extensively studied for their great potential as efficient information carriers in spintronic devices. However, significant challenges have emerged alongside this progress. This review aims to synthesize recent advances in skyrmion research while addressing the major issues encountered in the field. Additionally, we summarize current research on promising topological spin structures in addition to skyrmions. Beyond two-dimensional structures, exploration also extends to one-dimensional magnetic solitons and three-dimensional spin textures. In addition, we introduce a diverse array of emerging magnetic materials, including antiferromagnets and two-dimensional van der Waals magnets, broadening the scope of potential materials hosting topological spin textures. Through a systematic examination of magnetic principles, topological categorization, and the dynamics of spin textures, we offer a comprehensive overview of experimental and theoretical advances in the research of topological magnetism. Finally, we summarize both conventional and unconventional applications based on spin textures proposed thus far. This review provides an outlook on future development in applied spintronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.