Abstract
We present an overview of theoretical and experimental works on self-sustaining localized structures—spatial solitons—which can be formed in optical bistable oscillators with laser and/or parametric gain. The main attention is paid to the existence and dynamical properties of spatial solitons containing phase and polarization topological defects including vortices, points of circular polarizations and lines of linear polarization, domain walls and composed domain walls with Néel point topological defects.
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