Abstract
The ongoing digital transformation is bringing a pervasive diffusion of ultra-broadband, fixed-mobile connectivity, the deployment of cloud-native Fifth Generation (5G) infrastructures, edge and fog computing and a wide adoption of artificial intelligence. This transformation will have far-reaching techno-economic impacts on our society and industry. Nevertheless, this transformation is still laying its foundation in electronics and the impending end of Moore’s law. Therefore, looking at the future, a rethinking of the ways of doing computations and communications has already started. An extended adoption of quantum technologies is one possible direction of innovation. As a matter of fact, a first quantum revolution, started decades ago, has already brought quantum technologies into our daily lives. Indeed, today, a second revolution seems to be underway, exploiting advancements in the ability to detect and manipulate single quantum objects (e.g., photons, electrons, atoms and molecules). Among the different technological approaches, topological photonics is a rapidly growing field of innovation. Drawing inspiration from the discovery of the quantum Hall effect and topological insulators in condensed matter, recent advances in topological photonics hold a promising opportunity for optical networking and quantum computing applications.
Highlights
Today, we are experiencing a profound digital transformation of society and industry
This trend is true for edge and fog computing, which represent the evolution of cloud computing in the direction of deploying and using information technology (IT) resources closer and closer to the end users
In 2001, Zeilinger’s group [47] already used orbital angular momentum (OAM) in various applications, such as OAM-entangled photon pairs and the use of optical vortices or twisted photons. It was addressed in [48] how a purely photonic implementation of quantum computing by providing a short overview on how building a large-scale, silicon-photonic quantum computer has been reduced to the creation of good sources of three-photon entangled states
Summary
We are experiencing a profound digital transformation of society and industry. While some quantum applications are already commercially available today (e.g., QKD, QRNG, quantum annealers, quantum simulations, atomic clocks and some quantum sensors), the current use of the second wave of quantum technologies is still relatively limited This is due to both technical limitations and tradeoffs between technical performance and costs. In view of these advancements, a future scenario pursuing a profound integration of optical communications and quantum optical computing would offer several techno-economic advantages, in terms of efficiency, performance and savings. In this regard, this paper aims at highlighting that topological photonics could be the technology playing this integrative role. An overview of the state-of-the-art future challenges and applications
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