Abstract
We study the plasmonic second-order topological modes in nanowire waveguides which are covered by monolayer graphene. The waveguide arrays are arranged in the kagome lattice. In a triangle-shaped lattice, the topological modes are localized at the corner of the triangle by tuning the spatial spacing between the different waveguides. The corner modes also depend on the corner shape, which only exist at one corner in a rhombic lattice. In addition to the corner modes, both structures also support the topological edge mode. We show that the corner modes experience a smaller modal wavelength, longer propagation distance, and smaller mode volume than the edge modes. The study may be utilized to explore the topological bound modes at the nanoscale.
Highlights
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are evanescent surface waves that are strongly confined at the interface between a metal and dielectric [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We explore the corner modes in a new platform that is constituted of graphene-coated nanowire waveguides
The corner modes of graphene-covered nanowire waveguides
Summary
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are evanescent surface waves that are strongly confined at the interface between a metal and dielectric [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Plasmonic structures based on graphene have been widely explored, such as absorber [15], metamaterial [16], sheet array [17], and nanowire waveguides [3]. Graphene-covered nanowires are utilized to design waveguide couplers and explore optical discrete and vector soliton in aid of the strong field confinement and huge nonlinear effects of graphene [3,22]. Topological corner modes are studied in many different platforms, such as electric circuits [41], microwave circuits [42,43], acoustic metamaterials [44], photonic crystal [45,47], plasmon-polaritonic crystals [46], and photonic ring resonators [48]. The performance of the corner modes is better than the edge modes in the sense that the corner modes encounter a smaller modal wavelength, longer propagation distance, and smaller mode volume than the edge modes
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