Topological classes of thermodynamics of black holes in perfect fluid dark matter background

Abstract

In this paper we explore the topological classes of thermodynamics of a family of black holes. In particular we investigate the influence of distinct fields, including the electric field, non-linear magnetic field, along with the perfect fluid matter background that can mimic dark matter in large distances. In light of these considerations, we shall henceforth denote this fluid as perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Our analysis reveals that the winding and topological numbers for the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in PFDM background are the same as the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, however for the Kerr-AdS background in PFDM we obtain a different topological number compared to the Kerr black hole in PFDM. Furthermore, we explore in details the interplay of electric charge and nonlinear magnetic charge, impacting the topological classes of thermodynamics both in the absence and presence of PFDM. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the topological numbers associated with the static Hayward black holes, both in the absence and presence of PFDM, deviate from those of the Schwarzschild black hole. This observation shows that the presence of a magnetic charge introduces an additional role and can alter the topological numbers. Finally, our study culminates with the comprehensive analysis of the topological numbers pertaining to the Hayward black hole, considering the combined effects of PFDM and rotation.