Abstract
ABSTRACTThe main aim of the study was to understand the present status of cobalt in different agro-climatic zones. The soil samples were collected from different locations and topo-sequences of three agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, India, viz. zone-IV (Baliapur, Jharia, and Dhanbad), zone-V (Bagru, Pakharpat, Kisko, and Lohardaga), and zone-VI (Moshabani, Jadugonda, and Chandil). The soil samples were analyzed in a laboratory to estimate the total cobalt and Diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable cobalt. Results show mean concentration of DTPA extractable cobalt in zones-IV, V, and VI have been determined as 0.65, 0.5, and 1.03 mg kg−1, whereas the mean total cobalt content in different agro-climatic zones was 109.17, 107.58, and 102.58 mg kg−1, respectively. The work highlights the higher amount of DTPA-extractable and the total content of cobalt was observed in lowland against the different topo-sequences. Further, the results of multiple regression equations have revealed that the distribution of extractable cobalt is primarily controlled by pH, clay, and organic carbon. Whereas, organic carbon controls the distribution of total cobalt content hence, the organic carbon plays a critical role in the distribution of cobalt in the soil.
Highlights
The Jharkhand state of India ranks as 3rd in terms of mineral production in the country and holds 40% of India’s mineral wealth
The diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable cobalt is available to plants, whereas total cobalt is exchangeable and fixed fraction, with time the fixed portion is available to plants
Midland soils of areas of zone IV, V, and VI, ranges from 0.32 to 1.94 mg kg−1, 0.12 to 1.08 mg kg−1 and below detection limit to 3.72 mg kg−1 with a mean value of 0.84, 0.37, and 0.98 mg kg−1, respectively
Summary
The Jharkhand state of India ranks as 3rd in terms of mineral production in the country and holds 40% of India’s mineral wealth. It accounts for 27% coal, 26% iron ore (haematite), 27% apatite rock phosphate, 20% cobalt, and 18% copper ore as a resource of the country. Literature indicates many researchers around the globe have assessed both for diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable cobalt and total cobalt in soil (Davies & White, 1981; Chen, Ma, & Harris, 1999; Collins & Kinsela, 2010; Ewetola, Oyediran, Owoade, & Ojo, 2010; Huwait, Kumosani, Moselhy, Mosaoa, & Yaghmoor, 2015; Kayika, Siachoono, Kalinda, & Kwenye, 2017). To heavy metals that come from anthropogenic sources are more mobile than lithogenic metals (Burt, Wilson, Mays, & Lee, 2003)
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