Abstract
Analyses are the power point of GIS because GIS can process and analyze different data such as spatial and attribute data, leading to obtaining new results for supporting decision-makers. This research aims to study two types of advanced analyses include; topographic and hydrologic analyses for the western part of Karbala in Iraq using GIS. The topographic analysis aims to know surface terrain and obtain the results of digital maps that show the simulation of the study area based on some methods and tools in GIS after creating DEM for study area from field survey methods such as slope, aspect, hill shades, and contour maps. After that, hydrologic analysis is done based on DEM of the study area, where this analysis gives digital maps that show the main and minor hydrological properties of the region, such as flow direction, flow accumulation, stream order, and basin maps. These analyses are very important for making decisions in studying the topographic and hydrologic properties of any region in Iraq, and the GIS technique offers a save in time, cost and efforts.
Highlights
Iraq is considered one of the water-rich countries due to the presence of the two rivers (Tigris, Euphrates)
The contour map of the study area is produced from digital elevation model (DEM) using Geographic information systems (GIS) as a vector layer with contour interval (10 m)
A flow direction map was made from the digital elevation model of the study area after handling the outliers through a process called (Fill ) [17]
Summary
Iraq is considered one of the water-rich countries due to the presence of the two rivers (Tigris, Euphrates). Digital elevation models can be used in determining many topographic studies, for example, contour map, slope, aspect, and hill shade [5,6]. With the advancement of digital technology such as geographic information system and digital three-dimensional modeling, it encouraged many researchers to study the topographical and hydrological characteristics of such lands, which in turn helped many decision-makers to manage and secure water resources to encourage local people to use water in scientifically correct ways [10]. This research aims to study the topographic and hydrologic properties of the western part of Karbala city-Iraq using GIS technology to support decision makers with these because of GIS having the capability in low cost, save the efforts and time [11]
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