Abstract
The Apollo program was NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) human spaceflight program, accomplishing landing of the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. Ever since there have been scientific and public questions about its legitimacy and claims that the associated Moon landings were staged by NASA and/or other organizations. In this paper we examine a number of the Apollo mission images through (i) a comparison with simulated views of Google Earth (Moon) and (ii) a photographic analysis of some of their features using Photoshop®. The functionality of latitude, longitude, elevation and elevation profile of Google Earth is addressed by means of a comparison with other available programs possessing the same features like NASA’s Moon Trek and Alcyone Lunar Calculator. The topographic analysis through Google Moon simulations indicate that the landscapes in Apollo mission images used were inaccurate presentations of reality and there are incorrect elevations and serious land feature omissions. Moreover, the Photoshop® analysis shows conclusively that images were staged, manipulated or altered.
Highlights
The United States of America through a successful program that lasted from 1963 to 1972 (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, 2017) designed, tested and flew to the moon, manned and unmanned space missions
In this paper we examine a number of the Apollo mission images through (i) a comparison with simulated views of Google Earth (Moon) and (ii) a photographic analysis of some of their features using Photoshop®
The functionality of latitude, longitude, elevation and elevation profile of Google Earth is addressed by means of a comparison with other available programs possessing the same features like National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Moon Trek and Alcyone Lunar Calculator
Summary
The United States of America through a successful program that lasted from 1963 to 1972 (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, 2017) designed, tested and flew to the moon, manned and unmanned space missions. Apollo 15, launched on July 26, 1971, explored the Hadley–Apennine area of the Moon It was the first mission where the Lunar Roving Vehicle was used. Apollo 16, launched on April 1972, landed in the Descartes Highlands and performed 3 lunar EVAs and one deep space EVA. All the manned flights were covered with a large number of images, video recordings and live TV broadcast This evidence, ( largely questioned) can be found electronically in well-organized libraries, where they can be downloaded (Apollo Image Atlas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, 2017; Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, 2017). Lunar and Planetary institute, 2017), developed image processing capabilities that allow stitching of photographs together and draping them over terrain models to produce 3-dimensional (3D) scenes through which one can digitally fly This method provides spectacular views of the lunar surface and offers a new tool for scientists to study the moon.
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