Topical issues of the clinic of primary brain tumors

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issue of clinical and neurological features of primary brain tumors (PBT). PBT account for 2% of the total number of human tumors. PBT represent an urgent social problem, causing disability and mortality. The incidence rate of primary tumors of the brain and other parts of the central nervous system in the United States from 2011 to 2015 amounted to 23.03 cases per 100,000 population. The most common histological types of PBT: meningioma (36.4%), pituitary tumors (15.5%) and glioblastoma (15.1%). The clinical picture of PBT is represented by cerebral and focal symptoms. Neurological deficit is determined by the location and volume of the neoplasm. The initial manifestations of tumor growth may be symptoms of irritation of the squeezed area of the brain tissue, which will be replaced later by symptoms of prolapse. Cerebral symptoms in most cases are associated with increased intracranial pressure and the development of cerebral edema. The subsequent development of the tumor process leads to the dislocation of brain structures and the formation of wedge syndromes. The most common clinical symptoms are: cognitive deficit (36%), convulsive syndrome (35%), headache (31%), ataxia (24%) and motor deficiency (22%). The article summarizes the data of world and domestic clinical studies aimed at determining the prevailing symptoms of primary brain tumors for the purpose of early diagnosis, timely medical care and assessment of the effectiveness of the treatment. Knowing the specifics of the clinical picture will significantly increase oncological alertness, which will lead to early diagnosis and timely treatment of PBT, which play a key role in improving the quality of life and increasing its duration.