Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vHSIL), formerly known as usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), has a cancer risk of approximately 10% and treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing progression towards cancer.1 New therapeutic options have emerged to provide alternative non-surgical management strategies, including immune-response modulators, anti-viral agents, photodynamic therapy, and prophylactic HPV vaccination.
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