Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbicidal actions. Intragingival application of GSNO was already shown to decrease alveolar bone loss, inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental periodontal disease (EPD) model. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of topical applications of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/GSNO solutions on EPD in Wistar rats. EPD was induced by placing a sterilized nylon (3.0) thread ligature around the cervix of the second left upper molar of the animals, which received topical applications of a HPMC solutions containing GSNO 2 or 10 mM or vehicle (HPMC solution), 1 h prior to the placement of the ligature and then twice daily until sacrifice on day 11. Treatment with HPMC/GSNO 10 mM solution significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, oxidative stress and TNF-α e IL-1β levels in the surrounding gingival tissue, and led to a decreased transcription of RANK and TNF-α genes and elevated bone alkaline phosphatase, compared to the HPMC group. In conclusion, topical application of HPMC/GSNO solution is a potential treatment to reduce inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease.
Highlights
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis, are highly prevalent [1] and characterized by the inflammation of the periodontal connective tissue with influx of inflammatory cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages from the peripheral blood into the periodontal connective tissue
We demonstrated that topical application of HPMC solution containing GSNO 10 mM reduces the alveolar bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD) when compared with the control group that received only the HPMC solution
This result is in accordance with previous studies demonstrating that both GSNO and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicilamine (SNAP) reduce inflammation and bone loss in EPD [11,14]
Summary
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis, are highly prevalent [1] and characterized by the inflammation of the periodontal connective tissue with influx of inflammatory cells, especially polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages from the peripheral blood into the periodontal connective tissue. While gingivitis does not affect the underlying supporting structures of the teeth, periodontitis results in loss of connective tissue and bone support [2,3]. Topical S-Nitrosoglutathione Prevents Alveolar Bone Resorption and can progress to bone destruction, tooth mobility and tooth loss. The activation of neutrophils by periodontopathogenic microorganisms with the consequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce periodontal tissue breakdown [4]. It has been demonstrated that NO has a variety of effects on bone, suppressing osteoclast bone resorption and promoting the growth of osteoblasts [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
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