Topical Haemostatics in Renal Trauma—An Evaluation of Four Different Substances in an Experimental Setting

Abstract

Damage control is valuable in hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. To improve the hemostasis of packing, topical hemostatic agents have been suggested. The effects of such agents are unclear in trauma situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemostatic capacity, and the stability of the hemostatic clot, of four substances with different mode of action in an experimental traumatic bleeding model. A standardized heminefrectomy was performed in 180 heparinized and normotensive Sprauge-Dawley rats. Four different substances were studied (separately and in combinations) in a randomized fashion: gelatin (sponge and matrix), bovine thrombin, freeze-dried recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres. Eight treatment groups (15 animals/group) were considered, primary endpoint was hemostasis within 20 minutes of observation. The effective treatment groups were evaluated in a second set in the same experimental model, but with a prolonged observation time after hemostasis (60 minutes) to control the stability of the clot. Those animals treated with gelatin in the comparative study, with and without thrombin or rFVIIa, obtained hemostasis. Thrombin and rFVIIa alone did not have any hemostatic capacity. Only 20% to 25% of the animals obtained hemostasis with microporous polysaccharide hemospheres alone or in combination with rFVIIa. In the prolonged observation study, gelatin alone and in combination with thrombin or rFVIIa was studied. On average, 34% (20%-54%) of the animals rebled with no significant difference between the treatment groups. Gelatin-containing products provided a fast hemostasis in this experimental model. One third of the animals rebled, regardless of whether thrombin or rFVIIa was added. Further studies are demanded to confirm these results clinically.