Abstract
Naringenin (NGN) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but it remains undetermined its topical actions against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional antioxidant stability of NGN containing formulations, and the effects of selected NGN containing formulation on UVB irradiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. NGN presented ferric reducing power, ability to scavenge 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical, and inhibited iron-independent and dependent lipid peroxidation. Among the three formulations containing NGN, only the F3 kept its physicochemical and functional stability over 180 days. Topical application of F3 in mice protected from UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting edema and cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Furthermore, F3 inhibited superoxide anion and lipid hydroperoxides production and maintained ferric reducing and ABTS scavenging abilities, catalase activity, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, F3 maintained mRNA expression of cellular antioxidants glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase and transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), and induced mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, a formulation containing NGN may be a promising approach to protecting the skin from the deleterious effects of UVB irradiation.
Highlights
The skin is a physical barrier between the organism and the environment being constantly challenged by deleterious effects of UV solar radiation, mainly ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation [1]
The mitochondria electron-transport chain-dependent and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)/cyclooxygenase-dependent production of O2- occurs within min after UVB irradiation [9,14] indicating that both mechanisms are important to O2- production and their relative roles might depend on experimental conditions
Topical application of F3 in the dorsal skin of hairless mice protected from UVB irradiationinduced skin damage
Summary
The skin is a physical barrier between the organism and the environment being constantly challenged by deleterious effects of UV solar radiation, mainly ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation [1]. The mitochondria electron-transport chain-dependent and NOX2/cyclooxygenase-dependent production of O2- occurs within min after UVB irradiation [9,14] indicating that both mechanisms are important to O2- production and their relative roles might depend on experimental conditions
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