Abstract
A leading factor determining the prospects for nuclear power is an assessment of the radiation safety of the environment and people. The anthropocentric (public health) and ecocentric principles of radiation protection are singled out and the role of the natural radiation background is described. Key environmental problems in the development of nuclear power are handling radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuel, radiation accidents with emission of radionuclides into the ambient environment and decommissioning of NFC enterprises. The importance of harmonizing the standards for admissible irradiation of man and biota is noted.
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