Abstract
Chronic and non-healing wounds demand personalized and more effective therapies for treating complications and improving patient compliance. Concerning that, this work aims to develop a suitable chitosan-based thermo-responsive scaffold to provide 24 h controlled release of Dexketoprofen trometamol (DKT). Three formulation prototypes were developed using chitosan (F1), 2:1 chitosan: PVA (F2), and 1:1 chitosan:gelatin (F3). Compatibility tests were done by DSC, TG, and FT-IR. SEM was employed to examine the morphology of the surface and inner layers from the scaffolds. In vitro release studies were performed at 32 °C and 38 °C, and the profiles were later adjusted to different kinetic models for the best formulation. F3 showed the most controlled release of DKT at 32 °C for 24 h (77.75 ± 2.72%) and reduced the burst release in the initial 6 h (40.18 ± 1.00%). The formulation exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 34.96 °C, and due to this phase transition, an increased release was observed at 38 °C (88.52 ± 2.07% at 12 h). The release profile for this formulation fits with Hixson–Crowell and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic models at both temperatures. Therefore, the developed scaffold for DKT delivery performs adequate controlled release, thereby; it can potentially overcome adherence issues and complications in wound healing applications.
Highlights
Chronic and non-healing wounds caused by different diseases demand special therapies for treating chronic inflammatory processes, infections, and poor tissue regeneration [1]
We evaluated the impact caused by the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin on Dexketoprofen trometamol (DKT) release from the chitosan-based scaffolds
The drug release performance of the developed topical scaffold is influenced by the constituent polymers, chitosan, and gelatin, which allow a sustained release and the reduction of the initial burst
Summary
Chronic and non-healing wounds caused by different diseases (e.g., diabetes) demand special therapies for treating chronic inflammatory processes, infections, and poor tissue regeneration [1]. These thermotropic phase transitions can be induced by proton transfer from the material to another cooperatively binded compound (e.g., β-glycerophosphate), or by the cross-linking with another polymer (e.g., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)) [8,9,10]. This feature has been taken advantage of by cross-linking with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin, which improve thermal and pH stability, processability, and can provide better-controlled release of drugs from the scaffold system [11,12]
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