Topical application of Pya‐AKH stimulates lipid mobilization and locomotion in the flightless bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera)

Abstract

Abstract Two different methods of applying Pya‐AKH to long‐winged (macropterous) females of the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera) were compared: both injection and topical application increased the levels of lipids in the haemolymph and stimulated locomotor activity. Lipid mobilization was maximal when 10 pmol was applied by injection or 40–100 pmol by topical application, with the first significant responses occurring 1.5 h after injection and 2 h after topical application. The highest elevations of lipid concentration in the haemolymph were comparable between the treatments, i.e. 14.36 ± 3.59 mg/mL for injection and 14.43 ± 4.07 mg/mL for topical application. However, these maximal elevations were achieved at different times: 3 h after the injection and 7 h after the topical application.Injection of 10 and 40 pmol of Pya‐AKH stimulated locomotor activity with maximal activity 3 h later but, surprisingly, injection of 80 pmol showed no effect initially and than a slight inhibitory effect after 6–8 h.Increased locomotor activity was found after topical application of Pya‐AKH, but the response was lower than after injection and appeared later, 5–9 h after the hormone application. In addition, the greatest increase in walking activity required topical application of 300 pmol and was still less dramatic than the response to injection. The stimulatory effect of Pya‐AKH on locomotion was positively correlated with its effect on lipid mobilization only for injection of the hormone. It is argued that a stress caused by injection could play a role in the appearance of the complex response to adipokinetic hormone.