Abstract
Abstract : Because of the need for lead containment within small arms firing range (SAFR) impact areas, phosphate amendment has been proposed to reduce the release of lead via the surface and groundwater pathway. Both field and laboratory studies have evaluated the use of phosphates to stabilize lead in SAFR soils. The main goal of these studies was to determine the effectiveness of in situ phosphate treatment by demonstrating that phosphate addition to lead-contaminated soils resulted in soils that were stable to lead- leaching as measured by various standards. Because these studies were conducted using either large- or small-scale field demonstration projects or static laboratory procedures that were not capable of simulating conditions on actual ranges, their predictive value is limited. Prior to expending operational finds for large-scale soil amendment projects, further evaluation of the effectiveness of lead containment using phosphate amendment in a more realistic system is needed. This study evaluated the performance of two phosphate amendments in a more open dynamic system that simulated field conditions at SAFRs. The results of previous laboratory studies were extended by measuring and comparing losses of both soluble and insoluble lead in leachate and runoff from a treated and untreated SAFR soil using specially designed berm lysimeters. A rainfall simulation technique with the capability of increasing rainfall intensity and varying rainfall duration was developed to evaluate lead migration pathways at SAFRs.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.