Topical Application of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) to Changes in Tympanic Membrane Perforation Diameter

Abstract

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several vascular risk factors. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases isrelated to early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Little information is available about the prevalence of the metabolicsyndrome and its associated risk factors in Pakistan.Material and Methods: A matched case control study included 150 adults patients diagnosed with acute myocardialinfarction and 150 healthy controls, aged 40 years and above. The patients were selected from Khyber TeachingHospital, Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar and controls were selected from thegeneral population. Metabolic syndrome and its relationship with associated risk factors such as obesity, physicalinactivity, smoking status, education and socioeconomic status were assessed.Results: It was found that 55% of the patients had diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome compared to 17% ofcontrols. It was more common in age group 51-60 years. 66% of males and 34% of females had metabolic syndrome.Obesity, physical inactivity and current smoking were associated risk factors with increased odds of metabolicsyndrome.Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is more common in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Increased physicalactivity and cessation of smoking may decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.