Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus and cutaneous dry skin. Here, we investigated whether topical application of NI-01 composed of six herbal medicines has a therapeutic effect on AD in vivo. Twelve marker compounds of NI-01 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector for quality control. To induce AD, house dust mite extract was applied to the shaved dorsal skin and ear surfaces of NC/Nga mice twice a week for 6 weeks. NI-01 (1, 2, or 4 mg/mouse) was applied daily to the site for experiment periods. The coefficient of determination of each compound showed good linearity (≥ 0.9999). The recovery rate of the 12 marker components was 96.77%–105.17%; intra and interday precision and repeatability were ≤ 1.40%. Topical application of NI-01 reduced house dust mite induced AD symptoms. The increased expressions of interleukin-4 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 caused by house dust mites were markedly suppressed in NI-01-treated mice. Corticosterone levels significantly decreased, whereas serotonin levels increased with NI-01 application. These results suggest that NI-01 alleviates AD symptoms by inhibiting infiltration of inflammatory cells, thereby decreasing AD-related stress. NI-01 could be beneficial for the treatment of AD-like skin diseases.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by severe pruritus, eczema, and cutaneous dry skin
LOD = 3.3 × σ/S and LOQ = 10 × σ/S, where σ is the standard deviation of the y-intercept in each calibration curve and S is the slope of the calibration curve
We confirmed that massive infiltration of mast cells and CD4+ T cells as well as overexpression of IL-4 in skin lesions were induced by house dust mites, but were markedly reduced by topical application of NI-01
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by severe pruritus, eczema, and cutaneous dry skin. Once the cycle of pruritus-scratch is initiated, inflammation of the skin is elevated by inducing keratinocytes to release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This induces direction of lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils into the inflammatory site [4]. Typical therapies available to treat AD symptoms are predominantly corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors with T helper (Th) 2 cytokines inhibitory effects. These exhibit adverse effects such as skin atrophy, telangiectasia, striae, steroid rosacea, and tachyphylaxis with long-term use. We assessed dermatitis severity, histological features, infiltration of inflammatory cells such as mast cells and CD4+ T cells, expression of interleukin (IL)-4 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and stress-related hormone and neurotransmitter levels for evaluation of the anti-AD effect of NI-01 in the house dust mite extract-induced AD model using NC/Nga mice
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