Abstract
This study investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on different phases of the healing process. Macroscopic analyses were performed on wounds in rats with or without palmitoleic acid treatment, and the results showed that palmitoleic acid directly hastened wound closure. The topical treatment of wounds with palmitoleic acid resulted in smaller wounds than those observed in the control group. The anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoleic acid may be responsible for healing, especially in the stages of granulation tissue formation and remodelling. Palmitoleic acid modified TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-2α/β, MIP-3α and VEGF-α profiles at the wound site 24, 48, 120, 216 and 288 hours post-wounding. Assays assessing neutrophil migration and exudate formation in sterile inflammatory air pouches revealed that palmitoleic acid had potent anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the LPS-induced release of TNF-α (73.14%, p≤0.05), IL-1β (66.19%, p≤0.001), IL-6 (75.19%, p≤0.001), MIP-3α (70.38%, p≤0.05), and l-selectin (16%, p≤0.05). Palmitoleic acid also inhibited LPS-stimulated neutrophil migration. We concluded that palmitoleic acid accelerates wound healing via an anti-inflammatory effect.
Highlights
Palmitoleic acid, an abundant fatty acid found in plant oils from macadamia nuts, hazelnuts and sea-buckthorn, is found in the human skin, especially in young skin, and decreases with age
Recent studies have reported that palmitoleic acid is useful in treating disorders related to skin hyperpigmentation [2], fibrosis [3] and as an adjuvant in formulations for the treatment of secondary infections caused by gram-positive bacteria [4, 5, 6]
Because palmitoleic acid may affect immune cell functions and cytokines and growth factors are involved in the wound-healing process and fibrosis, we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid at different phases of the healing process in rats
Summary
Palmitoleic acid, an abundant fatty acid found in plant oils from macadamia nuts, hazelnuts and sea-buckthorn, is found in the human skin, especially in young skin, and decreases with age. The high oxidative stability of macadamia oil, which is used in cosmetics, makes it suitable for heavy creams and other pharmaceutical formulations [1]; little is known about its mechanisms of action and the effects of its components on wound healing. Recent studies have reported that palmitoleic acid is useful in treating disorders related to skin hyperpigmentation [2], fibrosis [3] and as an adjuvant in formulations for the treatment of secondary infections caused by gram-positive bacteria [4, 5, 6].
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