Topical Anesthetics Are More Effective in Diminishing Pain from Needle Stick Insertion Alone Compared to Reducing Pain from Insertion with Anesthetic Injection

Abstract

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Effect of time on clinical efficacy of topical anesthesia. Bhalla J, Meechan JG, Lawrence HP, Grad HA, Haas DA. Anesth Prog 2009;56(2):36-41. Reviewer Elliot Abt, DDS, MS, MSc Purpose/Question Is there a difference in the effectiveness of topical anesthetics over time with respect to both needle insertion and injection of anesthetic? Source of Funding This study was funded by the Anesthesia Research Foundation (ARF) of the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology and the Ontario Dental Society of Anaesthesiology. Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: limited-quality patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable