Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, modulated by interactions between various inflammatory stimuli and the host immunologic response. Bacteria are a common source of antigenic stimulation. While the exact pathophysiologic role of bacteria in CRS remains unclear, treating bacterial infection in CRS generally leads to an improvement in patients’ subjective and objective outcomes. While antibiotics are most commonly administered orally, certain subsets of CRS patients may require intravenous (IV) and/or topical antibiotics. To date, neither clinical indications nor therapeutic efficacy has been clearly described for IV and topical antibiotic use in CRS. The purpose of this chapter is to present an evidence-based review of the utility of topical and IV antibiotic use in the management of CRS.

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