Abstract
Rapid development in biopharmaceuticals has put high demands on analytical tools that can provide accurate and comprehensive characterization of protein drugs, including biosimilars. Although the enzyme digestion based "bottom-up" approach is usually the method of choice for this purpose, it only gives peptide-level information and sequence coverage is often incomplete. In this work, we used top-down MS with electron capture dissociation (ECD) to characterize both the primary and higher order structures of a therapeutic protein interferon and its variants. Accurate mass measurement at the intact protein level combined with top-down ECD fragmentation enabled unambiguous protein sequence confirmation and identification of all PTMs. Combining hydrogen/deuterium exchange and rapid disulfide reduction with top-down ECD on the LC time scale, we have investigated the differences in higher order structure between the protein variants, as well as the impact of PTMs on protein conformation.
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