Abstract
Indoor positioning complements the mature outdoor positioning technology, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), by achieving real-time positioning in any environment under a blockage of GNSS signals. In the construction management field, this paper demonstrates that indoor positioning enables five significant applications that considerably enhance work efficiency and safety on construction sites. Without a perfect indoor positioning system and under complicated site environment, developing a suitable on-site indoor positioning system is challenging and essentially user-oriented and environment-specific. This paper analyses the challenges to implement on-site indoor positioning systems, and proposes indoor positioning performance metrics, namely APP-CAT, for evaluating indoor positioning systems. The fundamental indoor positioning principles are first discussed and evaluated. Subsequently, the top 10 indoor positioning technologies, selected by their performance in APP-CAT and their popularity, are thoroughly compared. The promising trends of indoor positioning development, e.g., indoor positioning hybridization, game theory positioning, and integration with BIM models, are highlighted.
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