Abstract
When cases of dental crowding are identified and diagnosed promptly, interceptive orthodontics is particularly successful. To assess the differences in the eruption sequence of the mandibular canine and first premolar teeth in children with and without dental crowding. Children who attended the Shiraz Dental School's orthodontic clinic (Iran) from September to December 2012 were enrolled in this case-control study. Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) of all 8-10 year olds was calculated from patients' dental models. Thirty-six children were randomly selected from those with TSALD of equal or less than 4mm (those with crowding). Each selected case was matched for sex and age with another child (as control) with TSALD>-4mm attending the same clinic, in the same time period. The existing panoramic radiographs were traced and the eruption percentages were measured for mandibular canine and first premolar teeth. The mean difference between canine and first premolar eruption percentages was compared between the case and control groups using the SPSS (version PASW 18) software and a paired sample t-test. Canine and first premolar eruption percentages in the case group were 65.82±13.00 and 78.92±10.15 percent, respectively. The mean eruption percentages for canines and first premolars of the control group were 74.12±14.55 and 75.47±11.60 percent, respectively. There was a significant difference in pre-eruptive positions of canine and first premolar teeth in those with moderate to severe crowding when compared to the control group (p<0.001). These findings may improve the early diagnosis of children with high risk of developing moderate to severe crowding during mixed dentition.
Highlights
IntroductionDespite the frequent advancements in treatment modalities and the use of high technology equipment in contemporary orthodontics, little attempt has been made to advance preventive orthodontic services
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1998) reported dental crowding as the most prevalent form of malocclusion among children in the United States, with about 50% having some degrees of crowding in the mixed dentition that worsened as they stepped into adolescence and adulthood[1]
In the case group, which had greater Tooth size arch length discrepancy (TSALD) than controls, the first premolar teeth would erupt before the canines, while there was no priority in the control group
Summary
Despite the frequent advancements in treatment modalities and the use of high technology equipment in contemporary orthodontics, little attempt has been made to advance preventive orthodontic services. Prevention and interception of orthodontic problems are major concerns as they can improve the quality of life of people and save their money and time[2,3]. Preventing a developing malocclusion or intercepting its path is always more economic and less complicated than correcting the resulting malocclusion later[4,5]. Due to the shortage of specialists or the inability of the society to afford treatment, delivering orthodontic treatment after crowding has developed is not possible. Preventive services are much cheaper and can be delivered by general dental practitioners[6]. Interceptive treatment techniques are simple in nature, a sound diagnosis is essential. The ability to predict future crowding in a child is vital
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