Tooth Avulsion Replantation Management: A Review Article

Abstract

Avulsion of teeth is defined as total displacement of the tooth out of its socket. Incidence of avulsion constitutes 0.5 to 16 % of all traumatic injuries in the permanent dentition. Avulsion is more commonly seen in children and young adults, at an age when the alveolar bone is resilient and provides only minimal resistance to extrusive forces The maxillary central incisors are the teeth most commonly affected. Teeth can be avulsed in many trauma situations. Sports and automobile accidents are the most frequent causes. The incidence of avulsion is reported to be less than 3% of all dental injuries. Tooth avulsion is a true dental emergency since timely attention to replantation could save many teeth. Unfortunately, avulsed teeth are usually lost at the accident scene, and both accident victims and those attending them may neglect to consider the value of finding and saving the teeth. This may gradually change as the public continues to become aware of the possibilities that avulsed teeth can be saved. Discussion: Avulsion of permanent teeth is serious problems of dental injuries. The prognosis depends on the measures taken at the place of accident or the time immediately after the avulsions. Treatment for the avulsion teeth is replantation, but it’s not suggested for primary teeth avulsion. It will give a high risk for underlying permanent tooth germs. Replantation is directed at avoiding or minimizing the resultant inflammation which occurs as a direct result of the two main consequences, attachment damage and pulpal infection. Attachment damage may cause by drying, can additionally occur to the periodontal membrane when tooth is out of the mouth. Drying can cause loss of normal physiologic metabolism and morphology of the periodontal ligament cells. The treatment should minimize this damage so that the fewest possible complication result. Conclusion: Clinical success rate of replanted avulsed teeth based on media and time for replantation. Careful examination regardless including radiographs and clinical examination are necessary to help detect possible alveolar fractures or complication. Such fractures of the tooth socket may reduce the prognosis but are not always a contraindication.