Tools of Engineering and Environmental Survey of the Territory and Bank Protection Structures (On the Example of the Crimean Coast)

Abstract

The urgency of improving methods of engineering and environmental survey of shore protection objects is determined by their existing disruptions, which violate environmental safety as a whole and create a danger for organization of tourism on the coast. The purpose of the study is to specify method of processing information on ecologically significant regularities of processes on the coast, which should be taken into account in the design of biopositive shore protection structures, based on in situ examination of coastal zones and the state of shore protection structures in the Crimea. During the monitoring, methods of field photo-fixation (in dynamics for 2015-2018), mathematical modeling (in determining the area of coast and beach loss), statistical generalizations (when identifying trends in the state of the coast ecology) are used. As a result, the nature and extent of deformations of the coastal zone of the sea and shore protection structures on the coast of the Kalamita Bay of the Black Sea in the area of the village of Peschanoe are identified. The loss of the coastal zone as a result of violations of reinforced concrete shore protection structures by 70-90%, as well as changes in beach areas (erosion, shortening of width, change in the quality of beach material) are revealed. The modeling of the process in the cliff in the zone of influence of the shore protection structures is performed. Studies have made it possible to assess the degree of influence of the technospheric elements (slope-step wave exclusion design) on the ecological state of the coastal zone and to determine the parameters of the organization of engineering and environmental monitoring in the development and operation of shore protection structures, using software.