Abstract
Abstract Recent studies suggest that bears have relatively high cognitive capabilities. However, cognitive processes and problem-solving abilities remain relatively unexplored in bear species. We studied the capacity for 8 captive brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) to move and use inanimate objects to obtain a food reward. We recorded their behaviors during the problem-solving process using a behavioral ethogram. Three items, a large log, a small log, and a box, were placed in an outdoor enclosure. As the bears progressed through 3 stages of trials, they would need to manipulate the objects and displace them into the proper location and orientation to climb atop to reach a suspended food reward. Completion of the third and final stage was deemed to be evidence of tool use. Six of the 8 bears were capable of tool use. Most bears (>90% of trials) were successful in completing the final stage in
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