Tonsillectomy plus steroid pulse therapy is the most effective treatment in adult patients with C-Grade I IgA nephropathy, and the weight of the extracted palatine tonsils and Yamamoto scale have no significant correlation with the effects of this treatment

Abstract

ObjectiveWe studied patients who underwent tonsillectomy plus steroid pulse therapy (TSP) for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), in order to investigate the clinical factors associated with a positive response to this treatment. MethodsWe analyzed 118 IgAN patients who underwent TSP. We collected patients’ data retrospectively, including age, sex, blood pressure, onset of IgAN, pathological findings of a renal biopsy, serum concentration of creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum concentration of protein, urinary protein, hematuria, past history of tonsillitis, the Yamamoto scale, the weight and pathological findings of the extracted palatine tonsils, and the presence or absence of anti-platelet drugs and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-I) usage. This study included participants who were over 18 years of age, had undergone tonsillectomy within three months of steroid pulse therapy administered thrice, in whom renal biopsy was performed within a year before treatment, and with follow-up period of over 3 years. Clinical remission (CR) of urinary abnormalities was defined as remission of both proteinuria and hematuria: three consecutive negative results over a 6-month period, with a urinary sediment red blood cell count of <5/HPF, and a proteinuria qualitative reaction of (−) to (±). ResultsThe CR rate of all cases was 56.8% and statistical significance was observed with respect to the C-Grade (P = 0.0003, P = 0.028) using both univariate and multivariate analysis. The CR rate of C-Grade І (73.4%) patients was significantly higher than that of C-Grade II patients (39.0%; P = 0.0004) and C-Grade III patients (30.8%; P = 0.003). We analyzed clinical factors in each C-Grade patient. No statistical significance was observed with respect to any of the factors using univariate analysis in C-Grade I patients. The weight of the extracted palatine tonsils and Yamamoto scale showed no statistical significance in every analysis. Fibrosis or hyalinization of the stroma of the palatine tonsils showed statistical significance (P = 0.026) only in the univariate analysis of C-Grade III patients. However, the patient number of C-Grade III was small. ConclusionOur results indicate that TSP is mostly effective in patients with of C-Grade I IgAN and that the C-Grade reflects the clinical indication for TSP. The weight of the extracted palatine tonsils and Yamamoto scale did not show obvious correlations with the clinical effect of TSP.