Abstract
Orobuccal-lingual dystonia is characterized by involuntary movements of muscles of the lower face, mouth, and tongue. It is one of the primary adult-onset focal dystonias but is also often present in patients with heredodegenerative or secondary forms of dystonias. Neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase–associated neurodegeneration, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tardive dystonia, and postanoxic dystonia are all commonly associated with oral dystonia. Severe forms of tongue dystonia may be life threatening and management can be very challenging. Oral medications for dystonia are nearly always ineffective. Botulinum toxin injections into the genioglossus muscles which protrude the tongue may be helpful and usually does not cause swallowing difficulty. Globus pallidum deep brain stimulation may be considered in very disabled patients.
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