Abstract
The structure and constitution of opaque materials can be studied with X-ray imaging methods such as 3D tomography. To observe the dynamic evolution of their structure and the distribution of constituents, for example, during processing, heating, mechanical loading, etc., 3D imaging has to be fast enough. In this paper, the recent developments of time-resolved X-ray tomography that have led to what one now calls "tomoscopy" are briefly reviewed A novel setup is presented and applied that pushes temporal resolution down to just 1ms, that is, 1000tomograms per second (tps) are acquired, while maintaining spatial resolutions of micrometers and running experiments for minutes without interruption. Applications recorded at different acquisition rates ranging from 50 to 1000tps are presented. The authors observe and quantify the immiscible hypermonotectic reaction of AlBi10 (in wt%) alloy and dendrite evolution in AlGe10 (in wt%) casting alloy during fast solidification. The combustion process and the evolution of the constituents are analyzed in a burning sparkler. Finally, the authors follow the structure and density of two metal foams over a long period of time and derive details of bubble formation and bubble ageing including quantitative analyses of bubble parameters with millisecond temporal resolution.
Highlights
X-ray tomography is often applied to investigate the structure desire for high spatial and temporal resolutions, large fields of of matter non-destructively since it provides the precise spatial view and high total recording time implies a conflict of goals
We present a tomoscopy setup with spatial resolutions in the μm-range, a field of view of several square millimeters, maximum continuous acquisition periods in the range of minutes and acquisition rates up to 1000 tomograms per second, and all this simultaneously
Tomoscopy of a cylindrical AlBi10 sample (2 mm in diameter) during solidification at a cooling rate of 0.7 K s−1 was performed in situ with 50 tps (Figure 3)
Summary
Current improvements of X-ray flux and sensitivity of the acquisition equipment had allowed for a pronounced improvement in temporal resolution down into the millisecond range while keeping spatial resolution in the μm range. The merit of the system presented in this work was mainly achieved by the combination of highly brilliant synchrotron light, a dedicated beamline, a highly performant optical macroscope, a high-end data recording system, and a new fast and precise rotation stage.
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