Abstract
Procrastination, the habitual delaying of tasks, has long been considered to negatively affect procrastinators. Chu and Choi (2005), however, have newly recognized active procrastination, a form that has positive effects on procrastinators. This study aims to validate the use of the Active Procrastination Scale (APS) in bahasa Indonesia. In this validation, 239 undergraduate students completed online questionnaires consisting of the APS and other measurements (GPA, Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), and International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-50 item) in Indonesian. The data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analysis, intra-correlation analysis, and correlation analysis with other criteria. Both CFA and EFA revealed that all items matched the same factors as Choi and Moran (2009)’s original design (RMSEA ≤ 0.08, GFI ≥ 0.9, CR ≥ 0.7, AVE ≥ 0.5). In addition, all dimensions were reliable (CITC ≥ 0.3, α ≥ 0.6). Meanwhile, intra-correlation analysis indicated that each dimension correlated with all others, in keeping with previous findings. The same findings were also found in correlation analysis. Each dimension showed the same correlation patterns with other criteria as the prior findings. In conclusion, the APS-Bahasa Indonesia is a valid procrastination measurement.
Highlights
Procrastination occurs in many domains of individual life
Based on The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA, 1999), there are five sources of evidence needed to prove a measurement’s validity, which are validity evidence based on test content, validity evidence based on response process, validity evidence based on internal structure, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and validity evidence based on testing consequences
The validation of Active Procrastination Scale (APS)-Bahasa Indonesia started with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Summary
Procrastination occurs in many domains of individual life. Procrastination is defined as the behavior of delaying tasks over and over until experiencing subjective uncomfortable feelings (Solomon & Rothblum, 1984). In. 47 Purwanto & Natalya line with Solomon and Rothblum, Koestner and Vallerand (1995) describe procrastination as “delaying the start of a task until one experience distress about not having performed the activity earlier.” Steel (2007) defines procrastination as a series of delays done voluntarily in spite of the bad outcomes that this will cause. Steel (2011) mentions that there are twelve domains of life in which procrastination can occur, namely, health, career, education, community, environment, love, finance, friendship, family, leisure time, spirituality, and child care. Procrastination can cause damage in every domain (Steel, 2011)
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