Tomato grafting on rootstock of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba

Marcelo De A Guimarães,Manuel Filipe N Garcia,Hozano De S Lemos Neto,Jean Paulo De J Tello,Benedito P Lima Neto,Janiquelle Da S Rabelo

doi:10.1590/s0102-053620190203

Abstract

ABSTRACT Grafting has been considered an important tool to produce tomato in adverse environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop grafting protocols for tomato on rootstocks of Jilo, Cocona and Jurubeba. The work was carried out in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (3x2) + 1 with three grafting methods (slant-cut grafting, cleft grafting and splice grafting), combined with two graft ages and rootstocks (depending on the species), and the control. The rootstocks for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Santa Clara were: 1) Jilo (S. gilo) cv. Comprido Grande Rio; 2) Cocona (S. sessiliflorum) and 3) Jurubeba (S. jamaicense). The methods were individually studied and the graft length (GL); chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ in pre and post-grafting; graft diameter (GD), pre-grafting and tissue union of the grafted individuals through the assignment of grades were evaluated. Seven days after grafting, evaluations of grafted plants were performed. It was possible to establish a grafting protocol for all the combinations. The rootstock of Cocona provided greater vigor to ‘Santa Clara’ tomato graft. The cleft grafting technique can be indicated as the most effective for tomato grafting on the studied Solanaceae species.

Highlights

A enxertia tem sido citada por inúmeros pesquisadores como importante ferramenta a ser adotada para a produção de tomateiro em ambientes com condições adversas para a cultura
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the main vegetables consumed in the world, being only after potato (S. tuberosum)
From 2013 to 2017, there was an increase in tomato productivity from 66.8 t ha-1 to 68.7 t ha-1 (IBGE, 2017)

Summary

Introduction

A enxertia tem sido citada por inúmeros pesquisadores como importante ferramenta a ser adotada para a produção de tomateiro em ambientes com condições adversas para a cultura. Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt) and gall nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica) are characterized as the main pathogens and their greatest occurrences were observed in areas of tomato production (Freire et al, 2000). Both diseases are difficult to control since the soil is the means of survival of pathogens and the main means of growing vegetables (Filgueira, 2013). Despite the difficulties that may exist for controlling these pathogens, techniques were developed and technologies capable of overcoming such problems such as: a) soil treatment with chemical products (Santos & Coltri, 1986; Vida et al, 2004); b) solarization (Baptista et al, 2007); c) use of resistant varieties (Vida et al, 2004; Lopes & Quezado-Duval, 2007), and d) grafting (Vida et al, 2004; Lopes & Quezado-Duval, 2007; Loos et al, 2009; Medeiros et al, 2011)

Objectives

Methods

Results