Abstract
Our objective was to determine the potential of tomato carotenoids: lycopene, beta‐carotene, and lutein to protect against ultraviolet radiation (URV) in two normal human keratinocyte cell lines; HaCaT and NHEK. Both skin cell lines were treated with each carotenoid individually, lycopene + beta‐carotene, lycopene + lutein, lutein + beta‐carotene, and all three for a period of 24 hours at dose levels within the ranges seen in human serum. Full‐spectrum UVR (21,700 μW/cm2 UV B‐100 series lamp; Fisher Scientific) was then applied to tissue culture flasks for 20 minutes. HPLC was performed to quantify extent of carotenoid uptake and metabolism. DNA damage was measured using the Comet assay, lipid peroxidation byproducts were measured using the TBARS assay, and inflammation was measured using ELISA kits for TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10. Results from this study show the potential of carotenoids to protect human keratinocytes against full spectrum UVR damage and cancer‐induction.
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