Abstract

Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and patients with cirrhosis have worse outcomes when they also have hyponatremia, yet few effective, easily implemented management strategies for hyponatremia exist. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, has shown promise for managing volume overload in hospitalized HF patients and for increasing their serum sodium levels without adverse effects on blood pressure, electrolyte levels, or renal function (for phase-2 trial results, see Journal …

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