Abstract
Toluene exposure is associated with intelligence function in childhood – A systematic review and meta-analysis Ka Young Kim1 and Eunil Lee2,*1Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea2Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea*Correspondence: eunil@korea.ac.krABSTRACTToluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and colorless, water-insoluble solvent that widely used in paints, paint thinners, rubber, printing ink, and many chemical reactants. Toluene is associated with neurotoxicity and neurodevelopment. However, it is still controversial whether toluene affects neurotoxicity according to exposure level. Furthermore, despite the importance of environmental hazards in health effects, the impact of environmental hazards has been underestimated due to the difficulties and limitations to demonstrate the exposure risk. In this study, we aimed to elucidated the association between toluene exposure and cognitive function in children using systematic review with meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for all articles published up to Oct 2019. We evaluated observational studies that assessed the association between toluene exposure and cognitive function. Of 735 articles, final 7 articles were used in this study. In this study, we found that toluene abuse impeded the cognitive function using meta-analysis (standardized mean difference = -1.784, 95% CI: -3.510 to -0.059, p = 0.043). In non-abuse level, toluene exposure has no shown to association to cognitive decline in children with autism. However, 2 studies showed about 50% decrease of cognitive function with toluene exposure, which suggested large-scale study is needed to evaluate the association between low level of toluene exposureand cognitive function. This study elucidates the association between non-abuse and abuse level to toluene and cognitive function in children.Keywords: Toluene, Cognitive function, Childhood, Meta-analysis, Systematic review
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