Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is one major cause of mortality in the clinic, and treatment of this disease is an arduous task. The scenario will be even getting worse with increasing alcohol consumption and obesity in the current lifestyle. To date, we have no medicines to cure cirrhosis. Although many etiologies are associated with cirrhosis, abnormal intestinal microbe flora (termed dysbiosis) is a common feature in cirrhosis regardless of the causes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), one evolutional conserved family of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune systems, play a central role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and inducing immune responses by recognizing both commensal and pathogenic microbes. Remarkably, recent studies found that correction of intestinal flora imbalance could change the progress of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, correction of intestinal dysbiosis and targeting TLRs can provide novel and promising strategies in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Here we summarize the recent advances in the related topics. Investigating the relationship among innate immunity TLRs, intestinal flora disorders, and liver cirrhosis and exploring the underlying regulatory mechanisms will assuredly have a bright future for both basic and clinical research.
Highlights
Cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in clinics among all digestive diseases [1]
The homeostasis of intestinal flora plays an important role in the human body and can be involved in the regulation of various functions of the human body
The homeostasis of intestinal flora has a protective effect on the liver
Summary
Cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in clinics among all digestive diseases [1]. Regardless of any causes, recent studies have shown that one common feature in cirrhosis is the alteration of gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, which is worsened with the severity of cirrhosis [12]. Studies have been found that the correction of altered intestinal flora can delay or maybe revert the progress of. TLRs Recognize Intestinal Microbes cirrhosis [14], and toll-like receptors recognize altered gut microbes to modulate the occurrence, development, and treatment of liver cirrhosis [15]. TLR activation appears to be a critical molecular mechanism and is strongly associated with the progression of the diseases. The investigation of the interaction between TLRs and the altered microbe in cirrhosis represents a promising strategy for developing an effective treatment against the deadly cirrhosis. We discuss the current understanding of the connection and research advances among dysbiosis, TLR recognition, and cirrhosis
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