Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a global problem that affects women of all ages. Due to the lack of effective screening tests and the usually asymptomatic course of the disease in the early stages, the diagnosis is too late, with the result that less than half of the patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) survive more than five years after their diagnosis. In this study, we examined the expression of TLR2 in the peripheral blood of 50 previously untreated patients with newly diagnosed OC at various stages of the disease using flow cytometry. The studies aimed at demonstrating the usefulness of TLR2 as a biomarker in the advanced stage of ovarian cancer. In this study, we showed that TLR2 expression levels were significantly higher in women with more advanced OC than in women in the control group. Our research sheds light on the prognostic potential of TLR2 in developing new diagnostic approaches and thus in increasing survival in patients with confirmed ovarian cancer.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the second most common cause of death from gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer.Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women in the world, in addition to being one of the most common gynecologic cancers, which occupies third place in mortality due to gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer and uterine cancer [1].About 295,414 new cases of this cancer are diagnosed annually (6.6% of all cancer cases), and it is estimated that it is responsible for approximately 184,799 deaths per year (3.9% of all cancer deaths)
Since the main causes of the low survival in OC patients are a late diagnosis of the disease due to a lack of symptoms, a lack of effective screening tools and recurrent chemotherapy-resistant disease [7], less than 25% of diagnosed cancers are confined to the ovary only, and most patients have metastatic disease
It has been observed that a good prognosis for women with OC is directly related to the severity of the disease at the time of diagnosis [21]
Summary
Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the second most common cause of death from gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer.Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women in the world, in addition to being one of the most common gynecologic cancers, which occupies third place in mortality due to gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer and uterine cancer [1].About 295,414 new cases of this cancer are diagnosed annually (6.6% of all cancer cases), and it is estimated that it is responsible for approximately 184,799 deaths per year (3.9% of all cancer deaths). Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the second most common cause of death from gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer. Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women in the world, in addition to being one of the most common gynecologic cancers, which occupies third place in mortality due to gynecological cancer in women after cervical cancer and uterine cancer [1]. It has been found that the risk of OC in a woman’s life is 1 in Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1205. It has been estimated that most cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed in women aged 55–64, and the mean age of deaths due to OC is 70 years old [6]. The lack of specific symptoms indicating the disease means that only 25%
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