Abstract
Metabolic syndrome can predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction. However, few studies explore gender differences in this context. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a high-fat-high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) on the sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion injury of male and female Wistar rat hearts. Male and female Wistar rats were subjected to HFHSD or normal diet (ND) for 5 months. Then, rats underwent an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) to determine glycemic status, and ex vivo experiments on the isolated perfused heart were performed to study simultaneously cardiac function and energy metabolism with 31 P MRS during an ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, hearts were freeze-clamped for biochemical assays. After 5 months of HFHSD, body weight was increased in males ( P < 0.001 vs. males ND) but not in females and fat percent was higher in both HFHSD groups (respectively, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 in males and females HFHSD vs. controls). IPGTT showed a significant glucose intolerance in males and females HFHSD ( P < 0.001 vs. controls) which was more pronounced in females ( P < 0.05 vs. males HFHSD at T15 min). HFHSD increased fasting blood glucose in males and females compared with controls ( P < 0.05) but increased plasma free fatty acids only in females ( P < 0.05 vs. control females). Heart weight to tibia length ratio was higher with HFHSD only in males ( P < 0.001 vs. control males). Finally, in males and females HFHSD, we found impaired myocardial function (respectively, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 vs. controls) and impaired coronary flow (respectively, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 vs. controls) after ischemia with no difference between males and females. Despite gender differences in tolerance to glucose, body weight and heart weight to tibia length ratio, we found no effect of gender in tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury in our model of metabolic syndrome.
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