Tolerance to irrigation water salinity in Physalis peruviana L. plants

Joseano Graciliano Da Silva,Jerffeson Araujo Cavalvante,Odair Honorato De Oliveira,Nander Ferraz Hornke,Dario Munt De Moraes,Kilson Pinheiro Lopes

doi:10.1590/0034-737x202168060014

Joseano Graciliano Da Silva, Jerffeson Araujo Cavalvante + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202168060014

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Abstract

Abiotic factors, such as saline stress, can happen in agricultural areas and can harm the metabolism of the plants. Studies that seek to evaluate the acting of P. peruviana L. under stress conditions are still incipient. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the tolerance to salinity in plants of P. peruviana L. under different saline levels of irrigation water. The work was developed in the experimental farm of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, PB, from January to March 2017. Four saline concentrations of irrigation water were used (0.3; 1.2; 2.1; and 3.0 dS m-1) with five repetitions. At 60 days after the transplant, were evaluated the leaf area, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, electrolyte extravasation, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids. The results show that saline levels of irrigation water up to 3.0 dS m-1 did not provide physiological damages in plants of P. peruviana L. until 60 DAT, except for extravasation of electrolytes and chlorophyll a and b, characterizing the plant as tolerant to salinity until the studied level.

Highlights

The Physalis peruviana L. is a vegetable fruit that has as the center of origin in countries like Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (Muniz et al, 2011), while other authors report its production in certain areas of South Africa (Puente et al, 2011)
In agreement with the summary of the variance analysis presented in Table 2, the unitary increase of the salinity of irrigation water did not significantly influenced (p < 0.05) in the physiologic characteristics in plants of P. peruviana until 60 days after the transplant (DAT), except for the variables extravasation of electrolytes and chlorophyll a and b
When evaluating the intracellular concentration of CO 2 in plants of P. peruviana L., the average of 234.61 μmol (CO2) m-2 s-1 presented in Table 2 were close to those observed by Silva et al (2015), who obtained 244.87 μmol m-2 s-1 when evaluating Ci in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) plants at 100 DAT, using 66% more of the irrigation depth recommended for the culture; while Zeist et al (2014) verified variation between 378.29 and 382.94 μmol (CO2) m-2 s-1 in P. peruviana L. cultivated in two atmospheres at 86 DAT in the municipal district of Guarapuava, PR

Summary

Introduction

The Physalis peruviana L. is a vegetable fruit that has as the center of origin in countries like Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (Muniz et al, 2011), while other authors report its production in certain areas of South Africa (Puente et al, 2011). Referring to the productivity index observed in Brazil, many of the times, it can be related to the cultural handling used in field cultivation; that due to the physiologic alterations in the plant, provoked by abiotic factors, as observed by Ianckievicz et al (2013), Zeist et al (2014) and Lima et al (2015). This way, when in stress conditions, the hormonal and metabolic alterations in the plant can result in unfavorable aspects to the production. The amount of water supplied to the plants during the stages of, in agreement with Silva et al (2015), on the ability of plants to perform gas exchange and photosynthesis, so that excess can affect root aeration and nutrient leaching, while lack of water can reduce growth and affect numerous physiological processes and, production

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