Tolerance of imperfections in high-energy circular accelerators for polarized protons.

Abstract

Realistic calculations show that imperfection-spin-resonance strengths {epsilon}{sub imp} can be corrected to {epsilon}{sub imp}{lt}1, at 20 TeV, Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) energy. Statistical analysis agrees well with the numerical calculation. The polarized proton must be accelerated through overlapping intrinsic and imperfection resonances. We found a correlation between the tolerable strengths of intrinsic and imperfection resonances {epsilon}{sub int} and {epsilon}{sub imp}, that is, at smaller {epsilon}{sub int}, the tolerable {epsilon}{sub imp} becomes larger, and vice versa. To obtain a larger tolerable {epsilon}{sub imp}, we suggest that the number of snakes should be chosen according to {ital N}{sub {ital S}}{ge}5{epsilon}{sub int}. When a large number of snakes is used in the accelerator, the tolerable deviation of the spin rotational angle from 180{degree} for each snake becomes more stringent. The error in the spin rotation angle gives rise to (1) an equivalent picket-fence imperfection resonance {epsilon}{sub imp}{sup eq} and (2) an energy-dependent spin tune {nu}{sub {ital s}}. Both of these effects may cause depolarization. Further, when the snake axis is not properly arranged, the spin tune deviates from half-integer. In this case, depolarization may arise from the snake resonances. Our analysis indicates that acceleration of polarized protons in the SSC is technically feasiblemore » if care is taken in constructing the snakes.« less