Abstract
To facilitate transplanting razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) populations to inland saline-alkaline waters (ISWs), we evaluated the tolerance of juvenile S. constricta (JSC) to Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations, and determined the effects of these ions on JSC growth and physiological parameters. After 30 days stress, the tolerable ranges of JSC to Ca2+ and Mg2+ were determined to be 0.19 mmol⋅L-1–19.46 mmol⋅L-1 and 0 mmol⋅L-1–29.54 mmol⋅L-1, respectively. The concentrations of Ca2+ (less than 0.65 mmol⋅L-1 or more than 3.24 mmol⋅L-1) and Mg2+ (less than 0.37 mmol⋅L-1 or more than 14.17 mmol⋅L-1) significantly inhibit JSC growth. Physiological enzyme activity no significant response when the concentrations range of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are 0.93 mmol⋅L-1–6.49 mmol⋅L-1 and 0.37 mmol⋅L-1–14.77 mmol⋅L-1, respectively. For transplantation practice, these data indicate that only high concentrations of Ca2+ (3.24–6.825 mmol⋅L-1) and Mg2+ (14.77–33.69 mmol⋅L-1) in target inland saline-alkaline water had significantly impact on growth and physiological response. In addition, present study suggests that the increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations caused by ocean acidification will not affect the survival, growth and physiology of S. constricta. Current research suggests that S. constricta can adapt to extreme changes in the marine environment (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and may be an excellent candidate for inland saline-alkaline water transplantation practice.
Highlights
Saline-alkali soil and inland saline-alkaline waters (ISWs) exist in more than 100 countries (Shi, 2009)
We observed that the bodies of juvenile S. constricta (JSC) were lacked calcium carbonate shells in groups stressed with Ca2+ concentrations lower than 0.093 mmol L−1
Metabolism and oxygen consumption are rapidly increased but haemocyte phagocytosis are decreased in short time
Summary
Saline-alkali soil and inland saline-alkaline waters (ISWs) exist in more than 100 countries (Shi, 2009). In China, there are approximately 1 million km of saline-alkaline soil and approximately 0.3 million km of ISW (He et al, 2010). The use of ISWs to culture economically important marine organisms represents an effective means to use inland salinealkali resources, such as the most successful species Litopenaeus vannamei (Roy et al, 2007, 2010). Inland aquaculture of economically important marine organisms worldwide is mainly concentrated in ISW areas, and is practiced in several countries. There are few reports on marine mollusc transplanting in ISWs; these reports only describe aquaculture of Mytilus edulis (Dinh and Fotedar, 2016), Ruditapes philippinarum (Hiele et al, 2014), Haliotis laevigata (Doupé et al, 2003), Trochus niloticus (Lee, 1997), and Crassostrea gigas and Saccostrea glomerata (Ingram et al, 2015)
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