Abstract
Twenty-four mothers from a longitudinal study of mother-infant interaction re ported their toddlers' reactions to the child-directed and child-observed emo tions expressed by others. Results of χ2 analyses indicated that (a) self-concern and angry defiance toward others were more frequent, and concern for others less frequent, when anger rather than other negative emotions was expressed; (b) maternal anger toward the toddler was associated with an attitudinal measure of maternal responsiveness obtained during the prenatal period; and (c) more frequent maternal anger was associated with more frequent nonempathic re sponses when toddlers were bystanders to the distress of others.
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