Abstract
Traditional fossil fuels have a detrimental effect on the global environmental situation, which leads to stricter standards for environmental protection. Therefore, in recent years there has been a need to develop and master new technologies that make it possible to generate, store and transmit energy without or while minimizing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, primarily CO2, which is referred to as the so-called “carbon footprint”. An emerging branch of global energy - hydrogen energy - is based on the use of a compound such as hydrogen as a means for accumulating, transporting, producing and consuming energy. Hydrogen is expected to transform the economy in four main application areas: transportation, industry, energy and utilities. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main trends and criteria for the successful development of global hydrogen energy, as well as to consider the state and prospects for the development of the emerging global and Ukrainian hydrogen energy markets. The article analyzes the development of the hydrogen energy market, discusses national programs to support this new branch of world energy and pilot hydrogen projects. Issues of production, consumption, accumulation, storage and transportation of hydrogen are considered. Ukraine is one of the EU's priority partners in the future hydrogen economy, as it has the necessary capacity for hydrogen production - both for domestic consumption and for export. In 2021, the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine joined the European Pure Hydrogen Alliance. Ukraine's potential for hydrogen production is currently being investigated. The possibility of using the national GTS for hydrogen transportation to Europe is also being studied. The results of the targeted comprehensive program of scientific research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine regarding the creation of new materials, technological processes, structures and systems that could become the basis for the widespread introduction of hydrogen technologies in Ukraine are presented. An assessment of the state of the global and Ukrainian hydrogen markets and the prospects for their development in the coming years is provided.
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