Abstract
Sunflower seeds for the human food market are derived from both oilseed-type cultivars, with black achenes and low hull proportion, and confectionery-type cultivars, with striped achenes and high hull proportion. The objective of this research was to evaluate tocopherol and phytosterol contents in the seeds of both types of cultivars. Five oilseed-type and seven confectionery-type cultivars were evaluated in replicated field trials in two locations of Morocco and Spain. Large variations were found in hundred-kernel weight (2.6 to 5.5 g), kernel oil content (42.7 to 67.5%), tocopherol content (203 to 397 mg kg –1 kernel), and phytosterol content (2179 to 3555 mg kg –1 kernel). Both types of cultivars did not differ for kernel weight, kernel oil content, or tocopherol and phytosterol profiles. However, oilseed-type cultivars had significantly greater average tocopherol and phytosterol contents, though confectionery-type cultivars with levels of tocopherols and phytosterols similar to the best oilseed-type cultivars were identified. The large variations in kernel tocopherol and phytosterol contents found in this research suggest that there is room for breeding for increased levels of these compounds in order to develop healthier sunflower cultivars for the human food market.
Highlights
IntroductionMore than thirty million tones of sunflower seeds (intact achenes) are produced annually in the world
More than thirty million tones of sunflower seeds are produced annually in the world
Both types of cultivars did not differ for kernel weight, kernel oil content, or tocopherol and phytosterol profiles
Summary
More than thirty million tones of sunflower seeds (intact achenes) are produced annually in the world. Seeds from oilseed-type cultivars that produce smaller black achenes with low hull content (FernándezMartínez et al, 2009) are destined for the food market in some areas. Countries such as US, Spain, Turkey and China mainly demand confectionery-type seeds for the food market (Lofgren, 1997; Kaya, 2004; Zhang, 2004); customers in other areas such as the Balkan region and Morocco prefer oilseed-type seeds (Kaya, 2004; El Asri et al, 2006). Smaller seeds (, 7.1 mm), called “bird seeds”, are mainly intended for feeding wild birds and pets (Lofgren, 1997)
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