Abstract
Objectives: In 2005, China acceded to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the foundation for the global fight against tobacco. Certain cities in China have established local regulations to control tobacco use ahead of national policy; however, without the enforcement of statutory law, some of these regulations are merely lip service. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of city policy on smoking prevalence and on second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure status among non-smokers in Changchun City. Methods: A cross-sectional survey covering a multiple-stage, representative sample of the urban population aged ≥15 years was conducted between 1 Dec 2013 and 31 Jan 2014. The WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the questionnaires used, which included demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors and SHS exposure status. Results: Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was 23.5%; daily cigarette smoking prevalence was 21.2%. Smoking prevalence and cigarettes consumed per day was higher among men (p < 0.05) and those aged 45–64 years (p < 0.05). Among current smokers, 8.1% planned to quit within 12 months; 53.4% had no intention of quitting. Overall SHS exposure prevalence was 41.9% (workplace) and 34.1% (at home) over the previous 30 days. The weighted workplace SHS exposure prevalence increased with age. Conclusions: The high proportion of smokers with no intention of quitting and the high level of SHS exposure may constitute one of the most significant barriers to successful smoking cessation in the city. A continued drive to promote full implementation of the WHO FCTC is still needed.
Highlights
Smoking is one the leading causes of preventable death in the world [1]
Measures of partial smoking-free policy, pictorial health warnings, and educational campaigns to control smoking and use of tobacco may have increased the momentum towards tobacco control in the city and may have contributed to the slight reduction observed in the prevalence of smoking as compared to provincial and national level [11,12]
This study examined the effects of policy in terms of prevalence of smoking and Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure status, among the residents of urban areas in Changchun
Summary
Smoking is one the leading causes of preventable death in the world [1]. It has been reported that the number of deaths caused by tobacco has reached 6 million, which exceeds the combined death tolls of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in the world [4]. Researchers predict that this figure will increase to 8 million by 2030, and most of these deaths are likely to be largely concentrated in the developing world [5]
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