Abstract
BackgroundTobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers. There was a varied prevalence of tobacco use and cigarette smoking across different areas. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with current tobacco use among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS).MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in Arba Minch HDSS in 2017. The estimated sample size was 3368 individuals which were selected by simple random sampling techniques using Arba Minch HDSS dataset. Data collection tools were obtained from the WHO STEPwise. Current use of tobacco, which defined as the current use of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco, was considered as the dependent variable. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify candidate variables for the multivariable logistic regression model. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine a statistically significant association between independent and dependent variables.ResultThe prevalence of tobacco use among adults was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.9–21.6%). The current use of smoked and smokeless tobacco were 17.1% (95%CI: 15.8–18.4%) and 9.7% (95%CI: 8.8–10.8%), respectively. The current use of tobacco was significantly associated with sex (female [AOR 0.54; 95%CI: 0.42–0.68] compared to men), age group (35–44 [AOR 1.57; 95%CI: 1.14–2.17], 45–54 [AOR 1.99; 95%CI: 1.45–2.74], and 55–64 [AOR 3.26; 95%CI: 2.37–4.48] years old compared to 25–35 years old), physical activity (moderate physical activity level [AOR 0.65; 95%CI: 0.44–0.96] compared with low) and residency (highland [AOR 4.39; 95% CI: 3.21–6.01] compared with at lowlander). Also, heavy alcohol consumption (AOR 3.97; 95% CI: 3.07–5.12), and Khat chewing (AOR 3.07(95%CI: 1.64–5.77) were also associated with the use of tobacco among the study participants.ConclusionNearly one in five adults used tobacco currently in the study area, which is more than the national reports. Interventions for the reduction of tobacco use need to give due attention to men, older adults, uneducated, poor, and highlanders.
Highlights
Tobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with current tobacco use among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS), which was collected based on World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) approach
The prevalence of smoked and smokeless tobacco use among women had been nearly lower by 50% (AOR 0.56, 95% confidence level (CI): 0.44–0.73 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40–0.74, respectively) compared to men
Summary
Tobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers. There was a varied prevalence of tobacco use and cigarette smoking across different areas. Tobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers, driving an epidemic of cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is a major preventable cause of premature death and disease worldwide [1, 2]. In 2017, around 1.4 billion people aged 15 years or older use tobacco (1.07 billion smokers and 367 million use smokeless tobacco) and the age-standardized global average prevalence of smoking is 19.2% [3] It caused around 8 million deaths a year, with a substantially elevated risk of mortality among adults aged above 45 years [3, 4]. Tobacco use is an important contributing factor to the global burden of morbidity and mortality [7]
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