Abstract
BackgroundTobacco consumption in India varies based on the place of residence (urban/rural). Minimal, exclusive information exists regarding the same for ‘urban slum’ dwellers. The current study determines the tobacco use pattern among such individuals in Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the urban slum residents visiting the institutional clinic between December 2016 and June 2019. Apart from tobacco history, routine recording of the basic demographic details and oral visual examination was carried out for the participants. For categorical data, the percentage of different parameters was calculated and for quantitative data, descriptive statistics were calculated. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were employed to determine the association between the two categorical variables. To find the strength of association between tobacco use and the socio-demographic factors, univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was used.ResultsAmong 2,043 urban slum respondents (602 male, 1441 female), 15.0% (n = 308) currently consumed tobacco. The majority were smokeless tobacco (SLT) users (among both males and females). Among males, khaini (42.1%) and gutkha (32.5%) and among females gul (36.1%) were the most widely used tobacco products.ConclusionThe majority of the Noida urban slum population attending the screening clinic consumed SLT. Gender variation in the tobacco form and product-specific consumption patterns indicates that the undertaking of urban slums-specific surveys is essential. Tobacco control programmes must incorporate appropriate strategies addressing such subgroups of tobacco users.
Highlights
Tobacco consumption in India varies based on the place of residence
The pattern of current tobacco use varied with regard to different socio-demographic factors; a significant association was found between the type of tobacco use with age, gender and education (Table 2)
Tobacco use was more prevalent among males than females, as seen in the current study and reported by the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS)-2 (UP) [28] and few other studies conducted in the Indian urban slums [12, 15, 19, 21, 23]
Summary
Tobacco consumption in India varies based on the place of residence (urban/ rural). Minimal, exclusive information exists regarding the same for ‘urban slum’ dwellers. The current study determines the tobacco use pattern among such individuals in Noida, Uttar Pradesh (India). In any form, is the primary aetiological factor for the development of oral cancer and yet the most preventable cause of death [1]. Tobacco use is a non-communicable disease risk factor that is responsible for 70% of mortality in India [2]. A myriad variety of both smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products are available in the Indian market [3]. Bidi is the most commonly smoked form (8% adult users), while khaini is the most common smokeless form of tobacco (11% adult users) consumed in India [4]. India contributes to one-third of the global oral cancer burden [6]
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