TOA-Based Cooperative Localization with LOS/NLOS Probability in Wireless Networks

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a weighted cooperative localization algorithm with the ability to mitigate non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagations in wireless networks. The link condition indicator (LCI) for each connection is calculated based on the amplitude and delay statistics of channel responses. We partition the ambiguity of link condition into \emph {N} levels according to the LCI values. With the distance- dependent LOS/NLOS probability suggested by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the relationship between LOS/NLOS probability and the time-of-arrival (TOA) of inter-node signal transmission is derived. We incorporate this probability into \emph {N}-level LCI range regions and propose the \emph {N} probabilistic hard weight (\emph {N}-PHW) strategy for the cooperative localization, which penalizes the NLOS- induced positive biases by weighting the belief terms introduced by the conventional cooperative localization algorithm, the sum-product algorithm over a wireless network (SPAWN). Simulation results show that the proposed weighted algorithm significantly improves the localization performance in terms of localization accuracy, especially in serious NLOS environments.